Influence of lower limb resistance training on the explosive quality of athletes / Influência do treinamento de resistência nos membros inferiores sob a qualidade explosiva dos atletas / Influencia del entrenamiento de resistencia en los miembros inferiores sobre la calidad explosiva de los atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Athletics demands high explosive strength from its athletes, and complementary techniques are constantly implemented to maintain the competitive level of its practitioners. And is believed that resistance training can benefit track and field athletes. Objective: Explore whether lower limb resistance exercise can effectively increase the explosive quality of track and field athletes. Methods: We randomly divided 88 professional track and field athletes into experimental and control groups, who underwent training for 12 weeks. The experimental group received lower limb-specific resistance training, while the control group underwent general training. Results: After the lower limb resistance training intervention, the athletes showed evolution in the standing triple jump, from 7.63±0.179m to 7.94±0.12m. The average 30-meter running time also showed gains from 4.55±0.23s to 4.17±0.13s, and the YOYO running distance increased from 979.48± 134.11m to 1139.28±107.84m. The sitting flexion distance increased from 16.91±4.86cm to 17.65±3.39cm, and the solid ball throwing distance went from 20.03±2.05m to 21.24±2.35m. Conclusion: Lower limb resistance training can effectively improve the explosive power of professional track and field athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O atletismo exige muita força explosiva de seus atletas e técnicas complementares são constantemente implementadas para manter o nível competitivo de seus praticantes. Acredita-se que o treinamento de resistência possa beneficiar os praticantes de atletismo. Objetivo: Verificar se o exercício de resistência dos membros inferiores pode efetivamente aumentar a qualidade explosiva dos praticantes de atletismo. Métodos: Dividiu-se aleatoriamente 88 atletas profissionais de atletismo em grupo experimental e grupo de controle, submetidos a treinamento por 12 semanas. O grupo experimental recebeu um treinamento de resistência específico aos membros inferiores, enquanto o grupo controle passou por um treinamento geral. Resultados: Após a intervenção de treinamento de resistência nos membros inferiores, os atletas apresentaram evolução no salto triplo de pé, de 7,63±0,179m para 7,94±0,12m. O tempo médio de corrida de 30 metros também apresentou ganhos de 4,55±0,23s para 4,17±0,13s, e a distância de corrida YOYO elevou-se de 979,48± 134,11m para 1139,28±107,84m. A distância de flexão em posição sentada evoluiu de 16,91±4,86cm para 17.65±3,39cm, e a distância de arremesso com bola sólida foi de 20,03±2,05m para 21,24±2,35m. Conclusão: O treinamento de resistência nos membros inferiores pode efetivamente melhorar o poder explosivo dos profissionais de atletismo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El atletismo exige mucha fuerza explosiva de sus atletas y técnicas complementarias son constantemente implementadas para mantener el nivel competitivo de sus practicantes. Se cree que el entrenamiento de resistencia puede beneficiar a los practicantes de atletismo. Objetivo: Explorar si el ejercicio de resistencia de las extremidades inferiores puede aumentar eficazmente la calidad explosiva de los practicantes de atletismo. Métodos: Se dividió aleatoriamente a 88 atletas profesionales de atletismo en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control, que se sometieron a entrenamiento durante 12 semanas. El grupo experimental recibió un entrenamiento de resistencia específico para las extremidades inferiores, mientras que el grupo de control se sometió a un entrenamiento general. Resultados: Tras la intervención de entrenamiento de resistencia de miembros inferiores, los atletas mostraron evolución en el triple salto de pie, de 7,63±0,179m a 7,94±0,12m. El tiempo medio de carrera de 30 metros también presentó ganancias, de 4,55±0,23s a 4,17±0,13s, y la distancia de carrera YOYO aumentó de 979,48± 134,11m a 1139,28±107,84m. La distancia de flexión en posición sentada evolucionó de 16,91±4,86cm a 17,65±3,39cm, y la distancia de lanzamiento con balón sólido fue de 20,03±2,05m a 21,24±2,35m. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de resistencia de las extremidades inferiores puede mejorar eficazmente la potencia explosiva de los atletas profesionales de atletismo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Application of CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with know-want-learned chart in standardized nursing training for neonatal infection / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application effect of CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with know-want-learned (KWL) chart in standardized nursing training for neonatal infection.Methods:A total of 58 students who participated in standardized training in Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, were included in the study and were divided into control group and observation group using a simple random number table, with 29 students in each group. The students in the control group were given traditional teaching, and those in the observation group were given CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with KWL chart. Assessment score was compared between the two groups, and the two groups were compared in terms of self-directed learning ability, critical thinking ability, and evaluation of teaching effectiveness. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:Both groups had significant increases in the scores of theoretical knowledge (91.65±5.17 vs. 84.58±9.14), clinical skills (89.16±6.24 vs. 83.34±7.40), Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning (257.23±25.79 vs. 241.56±22.74), and Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (317.14±38.50 vs. 285.78±34.71) after training, and the observation group had significantly higher scores than the control group ( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher evaluation of teaching effectiveness than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CBL teaching based on mind mapping combined with KWL chart can improve the assessment scores of students and improve their self-directed learning ability and critical thinking ability, and students have a high evaluation of teaching effectiveness.

Dead space fraction for treatment guidance and prognosis evaluation of acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中华危重病急救医学

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of critical illness and high mortality from respiratory failure. Increased dead space fraction (VD/VT) was independently associated with lung injury and mortality of ARDS. VD/VT is readily obtained by bedside measurements of arterial blood gas and end-tidal carbon dioxide. Early attention and application of VD/VT as an indicator will help to better understand the pathophysiological of ARDS, guide clinical treatment, and better assess the severity and clinical prognosis of the disease.

Changes of choroidal thickness in patients with superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion complicated with macular edema / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the characteristics of choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema secondary to superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME).Methods:A retrospective control study. From November 2020 to September 2021, 30 patients (30 eyes) with BRVO-ME (BRVO-ME group) were diagnosed by ophthalmology examination in Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College and 14 healthy volunteers (28 eyes) were enrolled in the study. The choroidal thickness of macular area was measured by enhanced deep imaging technique of frequency domain optical coherence tomography. According to the subdivision of the diabetic retinopathy treatment group, the choroid within the 6 mm of the macular fovea was divided into three concentric circles with the macular fovea as the center, namely, the central area with the diameter of 1 mm, the inner ring of 1-3 mm and the outer ring of 3-6 mm. The inner ring area and the outer ring area are divided into upper, lower, nasal and temporal sides, respectively, which are denoted as S3, I3, N3, T3 and S6, I6, N6, T6, totaling 9 areas. To observe the distribution characteristics of choroidal thickness in different regions of two groups of eyes. The choroidal thickness of different macular regions was compared by independent sample t-test. Results:The choroidal thicknesses in the central area, S3, T3, I3, N3, S6, T6, I6, and N6 of the eyes in the control group and BRVO-ME group were 214.11±56.04, 207.89±57.92, 214.07±54.82, 207.14±61.54, 180.18±53.53, 204.25±59.60, 193.93±51.50, 190.54±51.21, 139.82±39.84 μm and 258.00±71.14, 256.43±68.70, 252.07±72.97, 244.37±68.49, 243.10±70.93, 247.20±68.36, 221.00±61.28, 223.77±58.64, 183.20±60.15 μm. In both groups, the choroidal thickness was the thickest in the central area, gradually thinning to the nasal side and temporal side, and the nasal choroidal thickness was thinner than other regions, and N6 area was the thinnest. Compared with the control group, the choroidal thickness of central area, S3, T3, I3, N3, S6, I6 and N6 in BRVO-ME group were significantly thicker ( t=-2.899, -2.229, -2.172,-3.250, -2.543, -2.292, -3.214; P<0.05), there was no significant difference in T6 area ( t=-1.814, P=0.075). Conclusion:The choroidal thickness of macular area in patients with BRVO-ME is thicker than that in normal subjects.

Changes of choroidal thickness in patients with superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion complicated with macular edema / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the characteristics of choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema secondary to superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME).Methods:A retrospective control study. From November 2020 to September 2021, 30 patients (30 eyes) with BRVO-ME (BRVO-ME group) were diagnosed by ophthalmology examination in Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College and 14 healthy volunteers (28 eyes) were enrolled in the study. The choroidal thickness of macular area was measured by enhanced deep imaging technique of frequency domain optical coherence tomography. According to the subdivision of the diabetic retinopathy treatment group, the choroid within the 6 mm of the macular fovea was divided into three concentric circles with the macular fovea as the center, namely, the central area with the diameter of 1 mm, the inner ring of 1-3 mm and the outer ring of 3-6 mm. The inner ring area and the outer ring area are divided into upper, lower, nasal and temporal sides, respectively, which are denoted as S3, I3, N3, T3 and S6, I6, N6, T6, totaling 9 areas. To observe the distribution characteristics of choroidal thickness in different regions of two groups of eyes. The choroidal thickness of different macular regions was compared by independent sample t-test. Results:The choroidal thicknesses in the central area, S3, T3, I3, N3, S6, T6, I6, and N6 of the eyes in the control group and BRVO-ME group were 214.11±56.04, 207.89±57.92, 214.07±54.82, 207.14±61.54, 180.18±53.53, 204.25±59.60, 193.93±51.50, 190.54±51.21, 139.82±39.84 μm and 258.00±71.14, 256.43±68.70, 252.07±72.97, 244.37±68.49, 243.10±70.93, 247.20±68.36, 221.00±61.28, 223.77±58.64, 183.20±60.15 μm. In both groups, the choroidal thickness was the thickest in the central area, gradually thinning to the nasal side and temporal side, and the nasal choroidal thickness was thinner than other regions, and N6 area was the thinnest. Compared with the control group, the choroidal thickness of central area, S3, T3, I3, N3, S6, I6 and N6 in BRVO-ME group were significantly thicker ( t=-2.899, -2.229, -2.172,-3.250, -2.543, -2.292, -3.214; P<0.05), there was no significant difference in T6 area ( t=-1.814, P=0.075). Conclusion:The choroidal thickness of macular area in patients with BRVO-ME is thicker than that in normal subjects.

Strategies for general surgery related issues in the treatment of critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 / 中华消化外科杂志

In order to improve the cure rate of critically ill patients in Wuhan epidemic area and reduce the fatality rate, the state have dispatched medical staffs from the whole country to support Wuhan and treat critically ill patients in dedicated facilities. A medical team from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, consisting of 133 medical staffs major in critical care medicine, respiralogy, infection, cardiology, and general surgery, entirely took over the critical care unit of the East Hospital of the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and formed a multidisciplinary collaboration team with local medical staffs to treat patients together. Up to March 13th in 2020, the author′s medical team has admitted a total of 109 patients, of which 48 had been discharged up on recovery. Critically ill patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 mainly have elder age, comorbidities, complicated conditions, and difficult diagnosis and treatment. The author and the author′s team combined with clinical practice, share experience and strategies of general surgery related issues in the treatment of critically ill patients, providing reference for collegues in general surgery.

Biopsy of pulmonary nodules guided by different imaging techniques / 肿瘤研究与临床

Lung cancer is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis.For advanced lung cancer patients,a wide range of invasion,multiple distant metastases and the limited treatment options have led to extremely poor prognosis.Better treatment outcome with a high 5-year survival rate can be achieved by early detection and treatment of lung cancer.The early diagnosis is the key to the treatment of lung cancer,and the early diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the identification of benign and malignant of pulmonary nodules.With the increased safety and diagnostic accuracy of biopsy of pulmonary nodules guided by different imaging techniques,the advantage of biopsy of pulmonary nodules in diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions is prominent,which is worthy of clinical application.

Effects of Purendan Superfine Powder on retinal hemodynamics and expressions of cytokines in diabetic rats / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the effects of Purendan Superfine Powder (PRD) on the retinal hemodynamics and the expressions of cytokines in the diabetic rats, and to elucidate its protective effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) .Methods:Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetes group, and PRD group (n=12) .The diabetes rat models were established by intraperitoneal injecting streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetes group and PRD group.After successful modeling, the diabetic rats in PRD group were given PRD (1.8g·kg-1) by gavage for 3months.The hemodynamics parameters of central retinal artery (CRA) of the rats were measured with color Doppler ultrasound.The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA in retina tissue were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF and bFGF proteins in retina tissue of the rats.Results:Compared with control group, the blood glucose, urine volume, liver index and kidney index of the rats in diabetes group were significantly increased (P＜0.05) , the peak systolic velocity (PSV) , end diastolic velocity (EDV) and mean velocity (MV) of CRA were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , the resistant index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of CRA were significantly increased (P＜0.05) , and the expression levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA and protein in retina tissue were significantly increased (P＜0.05) .Compared with diabetes group, the blood glucose, urine volume, liver index and kidney index of the rats in PRD group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) , the PSV, EDV and MV of CRA were increased (P＜0.05) , the RI and PI of CRA were decreased (P＜0.05) , the expression levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA and protein in retina tissue were significantly reduced (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:PRD can protect the diabetic retinal microvascular injury by reducing the blood glucose level, increasing the blood supply of retinal tissue, increasing the amount of microcirculation blood perfusion, reducing the vascular bed perfusion resistance, and reducing the expression of VEGF and bFGF.

Preliminary investigation in critical care medicine contents and methods for standardized training residents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Resident standardization training is an important means of clinical physician training in our country. Critical care medicine has important status in the training process. It is the important link to ensure the quality of resident standardization training. Residents should grasp the identification and early detection of critical ill patients. Residents should also get the ability of general basic management for critical condition and the doctor-patient communication ability. In practice, we have explored the training mode of standardized training of resident doctors in critical care medicine by developing detailed training outline, a variety of teaching methods and emphasizing the cultivation of clinical work ability.

Therapeutic effects of ultrasound biomicroscopy assisted intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing for residual lens capsule aphakia / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) assisted intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing for residual lens capsule aphakia.Methods Fifty aphakia patients (50 eyes) with residual lens capsular equal or greater than 180 degrees were chosen.The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups and underwent intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing:Trial group (25 cases,25 eyes) selected suture site according to the preoperative UBM results,and control group (25 cases,25 eyes) selected the suture site according to the clinical experience.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),astigmatism at preoperative and postoperative 1 week,1 month and 3 months were observed,the eccentric and tilt value of the lens were calculated by UBM measurement at 3 month after operation,and the postoperative complications of the two groups were observed.Results UCVA at each time point after operation were higher than that before operation,and gradually increased with time.There was no significant difference between the two groups at 1 week before and after the operation of UCVA (P ＞ 0.05).At 1 month and 3 months after operation,UCVA in trial group were significantly higher than those of control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The astigmatism value at 1 week after operation in two groups was higher than that before operation and gradually decreased with time.The astigmatism value in trial group at 1 month and 3 months after operation had no significant difference with that of preoperative (P ＞ 0.05),while the astigmatism value in control group increased (all P ＜ 0.05).The astigmatism values had no significant difference between the two groups before and 1 week after operation (all P ＞0.05),which were significantly lower in trial group at 1 month and 3 months after operation (all P ＜ 0.05).Three months after surgery,the proportion of lens accurately implanted in the ciliary sulcus was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.01),the eccentric and tilt values of the lens in trial group were significantly less than control group (P ＜ 0.01).No serious complication was observed in all patients.Conclusion UBM assisted intraocular lens suspension surgery with one loop suturing can significantly improve the postoperative visual quality,safety and lens stability,which can be used as a routine preoperative examination of intraocular lens suspension surgery.In addition,UBM provides an alternative method for the calculation of the eccentricity and tile value of the intraocular lens after the implantation of the intraocular lens.

Long-term follow up of dry eye after LASIK in young myopia patients / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate long-term data of dry eye after LASIK in young myopia patients.Methods Young myopia patients were divided into treated group (group A) and control (group B),who were interviewed before surgery and on 1 year,3 years and 5 years after surgery.Their diopters,uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),tear breakup time test,Schirmer I test and corneal fluorescent staining were taken,then dry eye was diagnosed and OSDI questionnaire were scored.Results The postoperative incidence of dry eye in group A was higher than that before surgery (35.6％) and decreased with time (51.7％,44.9％ and 40.7％,respectively),and there was no significant difference in group B at each time point (P ＞ 0.05).The preoperative incidence of dry eye was equal between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),which were much higher in group A after surgery (all P ＜ 0.05).In group A,the postoperative constituent ratio of mild dry eye was the majority and decreased with time (65.6％,52.8％,41.7％,respectively),while moderate and severe dry eye was increased,especially the latter (6.6％,11.3％ and 16.7％,respectively;P ＜ 0.05).At 5 years after surgery,the UCVA and visual function score in dry eye patients were lower than those of non-dry eye patients (all P ＜ 0.05),while the residual refraction and ocular symptom score were higher than those of dry eye patients (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dry eye disease may last for a long time and may getting worse after LASIK.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the development of dry eye long after LASIK in young myopic patients.